Pátek, 29. března 2024

Articles from Science for Environment Policy - Arctic Science

DG Environment News Alert Service

Articles from Science for Environment Policy - Arctic Science
Declining sea ice threatens Arctic marine mammals
The rapid decline of Arctic sea ice has had dramatic effects on seals, polar bears, whales and other marine mammals. Changes in distribution, body condition, reproduction and abundance are all consequences of reduced sea ice that may escalate over the coming decade, according to a recent analysis. Download article (PDF)
Arctic microbes: Good or bad for mitigating climate change?
The rapid loss of Arctic sea ice affects not only animals that live on the ice but also microbial communities that live within the ice. A recent study discusses how microbes are affected by climate change, in some cases providing an early warning of major environmental shifts but in other cases amplifying them. Download article (PDF)
Arctic birds migrate earlier under climate change
New research has found that birds migrating to a breeding ground in northern Norway are arriving on average 0.41 days earlier every year, in response to rising spring temperatures. Studies such as these are useful indicators of the ecological impact of climate change. Download article (PDF)
Reindeer are important in shaping Arctic plant communities
Reindeer grazing and climate change both affect Arctic plant communities, according to new research. The study suggests that reindeer grazing management strategies could significantly influence the future Arctic landscape. Download article (PDF)
Extreme winter warming harms Arctic plant growth
A new study has explored the effects of climate change on Arctic plants by simulating extreme winter warming events and measuring plant responses. The researchers found that considerable damage occurred to dwarf shrub species, in terms of shoot mortality, leaf and root growth. Download article (PDF)
Polar and Atlantic cod share habitat, but not diet
Despite Atlantic cod and haddock extending further into Arctic waters, a new study reveals there is little competition for food between the invaders and native polar cod. However, it is uncertain whether climate change will increase competition between the species as range expansion of the Atlantic species progresses. Download article (PDF)
Climate warming may enhance polar cod survival
Researchers have demonstrated that hatching in polar cod can begin as early as January in Arctic seas that receive large freshwater input, compared to April-July in seas with little freshwater input. Since early hatching leads to higher survival rates, the effects of climate change may enhance polar cod's survival by favouring conditions that allow winter hatching to occur. Download article (PDF)
Arctic methane 'leak' could cause abrupt climate warming
For thousands of years, vast amounts of methane - a potent greenhouse gas - have been stored in frozen deposits on land and under the ocean in the Arctic. A new study has found that rapidly rising temperatures are accelerating the release of methane by thawing subsea 'permafrost', releasing nearly 8 million tonnes into the atmosphere each year and potentially increasing global warming. Download article (PDF)
Arctic fuel exploration: how far and how fast?
There are signs that oil and gas exploration in the Arctic will expand in the next few decades to keep up with Europe's growing energy demand. However, a number of factors will determine future Arctic exploration, according to a new study, including the state of the global economy, environmental concerns and climate change. Download article (PDF)
Reindeer herding: adapting to global change in the Arctic
Reindeer herding has a long history in the Arctic, but climate change and industrial activity are bringing this important economic and cultural tradition to breaking point. In a unique initiative, reindeer herders across the Arctic are leading an international team of scientists in using modern technology to adapt to global change and empower indigenous communities. Download article (PDF)
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